A High-Level Disinfection Standard for Land-Applied Sewage Sludges (Biosolids)
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A high-level disinfection standard for land applying sewage sludges (biosolids).
Complaints associated with land-applied sewage sludges primarily involve irritation of the skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory tract accompanied by opportunistic infections. Volatile emissions and organic dusts appear to be the main source of irritation. Occasionally, chronic gastrointestinal problems are reported by affected residents who have private wells. To prevent acute health eff...
متن کاملInteractions of pathogens and irritant chemicals in land-applied sewage sludges (biosolids)
UNLABELLED Fertilization of land with processed sewage sludges, which often contain low levels of pathogens, endotoxins, and trace amounts of industrial and household chemicals, has become common practice in Western Europe, the United States, and Canada. Local governments, however, are increasingly restricting or banning the practice in response to residents reporting adverse health effects. Th...
متن کاملAlkylphenol ethoxylate degradation products in land-applied sewage sludge (biosolids).
Alkylphenol ethoxylates, widely used in commercial and household detergents in the United States, can degrade during the wastewater treatment process to more toxic, estrogenic, and lipophilic compounds. These include octylphenol (OP), nonylphenols (NPs), nonylphenol monoethoxylates (NP1EOs), and nonylphenol diethoxylates (NP2EOs). These compounds have received considerable attention due to thei...
متن کاملOrganic Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Land-Applied Sewage Sludge (Biosolids)
H ISTORICALLY, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have acted as a readily identifiable conduit for the environmental introduction of toxic chemicals from industrial and residential discharges and urban runoff. However, technological improvements in wastewater treatment processes since the enactment of the Clean Water Act of 1972 have resulted in greatly improved pollutant removal efficiencies....
متن کاملOrganic chemicals in sewage sludges.
Sewage sludges are residues resulting from the treatment of wastewater released from various sources including homes, industries, medical facilities, street runoff and businesses. Sewage sludges contain nutrients and organic matter that can provide soil benefits and are widely used as soil amendments. They also, however, contain contaminants including metals, pathogens, and organic pollutants. ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Health Perspectives
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0091-6765,1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6207